With the market launch of the Phaeton a new era for the Volkswagen brand had begun. With the launch of the premium-segment saloon, the most successful car manufacturer in Europe was making an important step towards becoming a full-line provider, represented in almost all segments. At the same time - regardless of whether we are talking about the Lupo or Phaeton, Touran or Touareg, New Beetle Cabriolet or Polo, new Multivan (T5) or Golf - Volkswagen is present in every class with premium products. The Phaeton has achieved a level of quality, comfort and safety that sets the benchmark.
- After the V6 and W12 engines comes the V10 TDI in 2003
- Phaeton impresses with dynamic design and high-end technology
With regard to driveline, new standards will be defined by the till now third engine for the top category saloon: the V10 TDI with an output of 230 kW / 313 bhp. The biturbo direct injection diesel engine develops an incredible 750 Nm of torque as low as 2,000 rpm. Due to the high power output and the 250 km/h top speed, the Phaeton V10 TDI is fitted with 4MOTION four-wheel drive as standard. The power is transferred via a new six-speed automatic transmission.
The top petrol engine is the W12, a comfortable and incredibly dynamic 6.0-litre 12-cylinder engine with an output of 309 kW / 420 bhp and 550 Nm of torque (from 3,000 rpm). Power is transferred to the wheels of the W12 via five-speed automatic transmission and 4MOTION four-wheel drive as standard fit. The electronically governed maximum speed is 250 km/h.
The comfortable, entry-level engine is the 3.2-litre V6. It develops 177 kW / 241 bhp; its maximum torque of 315 Nm is available as low as 2,400 rpm. The Phaeton V6 achieves a top speed of 245 km/h. The transfer of power to the front wheels is carried out via a standard-fit six-speed manual gearbox. An optional five-speed automatic transmission (tiptronic) is available; the top speed in this case is 242 km/h.
The new four-wheel air suspension is part of the standard equipment on every model
A new continuously variable, standard-fit four-wheel air suspension, which has been integrated into an innovative suspension layout with a four-link front axle and a trapezoidal link rear axle is part of the Phaeton’s unique drive concept. The standard use of ESP, brake assist, the most powerful braking system in the segment, eight airbags and active front head restraints guarantees in conjunction with the rigid body (best in class) optimum safety standards.
Phaeton design reflects a new confident generation
The new saloon has been designed to be absolutely unique; all the shapes follow new paths. Harmonious and powerful body lines underscore the dynamic properties of the Phaeton. A refreshingly clear and modern elegance dominates the progressive passenger compartment. The concise technological and creative concept of the Phaeton is easily accessible in the interior. Although there are no other familiar details from other models on the Phaeton, apart from the Volkswagen logo, all the control elements seem immediately familiar as they are always unequivocally, clearly and attractively designed.
Newly designed air-conditioning system to be the first and only free of draughts
The controls for one of the best air-conditioning systems in the world - the new 4-zone Climatronic - are via a separate key panel. Along with the driver and front passenger, the rear-seat passengers can also individually adjust the temperature for the left and right seats from the comfort of the rear thanks to the standard-fit Climatronic. Another decisive plus factor for this automatic air-conditioning system is to date unique amongst the international competition: the cooling or warming air is directed draught-free via automatically closing and opening emitters (with indirect ventilation via fine wood faceplates ) into the passenger compartment. In addition, an efficient function for controlling the air humidity has been integrated which automatically prevents windows from steaming up.
The dominant element in the cockpit is the large vertical centre console. The infotainment centre is centrally located here with a 7-inch colour display in 16:9 format. This monitor is a multitalent. Generally speaking, it can be used to control close to all settings via eight large multifunctional keys (soft keys), six additional basic function keys and a central turn/press button - comfort, audio, TV, navigation, on-board computer and telephone.
To ensure tat the menu guidance, however, is not overloaded, there is another tool bar below the infotainment centre for the separate control of the audio system. In general, all basic functions of the Phaeton are activated by the rapid press of a button and not via a complicated menu. This also includes the manual setting for the four-wheel air suspension. Only the individual fine tuning, for certain sound parameters on the audio system, for example, are carried out via a logically designed menu structure.
Exceptional space and standard-fit electrical seat adjustment
The Phaeton offers above-average spacing. The so-called comfort dimensions (interior passenger space), rear knee space and the front shoulder space are all best in class.
As with every detail, the seating on the Phaeton has also been completely redesigned. The front seats have a 12-way electrical adjustment system as standard. Standard on the Phaeton W12 and an option in the Phaeton V6 is an 18-way system plus memory, climatisation and massage function. At the same time, two differently designed seating configurations can also be selected for the rear. In the particularly exclusive level Volkswagen offers the Phaeton with two separate seats at the rear that are varied via a 10-way system (including Memorylogic and Easy-Entry system).
In addition, the saloon can be further upgraded. This includes special equipment such as navigation systems, telephone fixture, TV, the automatic distance regulator ADR, various leather seat packages, heated steering wheel, the lock and start system Keyless Access or the largest solar sunroof in the competition. Finally, the customer can choose extras from the Phaeton customisation programme such as further types of fine wood with integrated marquetry.
Top-class saloon is part of a trilogy of product, factory and service
Volkswagen has not only developed a remarkable vehicle; at the same time, a unique manufacturing and customer service concept was also developed. All three parts - product, factory and service - form the Volkswagen top-class trilogy. Phaeton owners acquire first of all a high-class saloon, which is secondly built in one of the most innovative and demanding production centres in the world - the unique transparent factory in Dresden. As the third part of the trilogy, Volkswagen provides the customers with the exceptional Phaeton Service. It consists of an internationally unrivalled, comprehensive mobility guarantee which runs over the entire registration period. All repairs are coordinated through an international Technical Service Centre (TSC) which deals with each service case individually.
The Phaeton - Market and Positioning
- A new technology and service philosophy for the upper class vehicle
- Without making any compromises, the Phaeton was built for comfort, dynamics and safety
- The unique Phaeton service world ensures 100 percent mobility
The new Phaeton is an upper class saloon that was introduced on to the German market on 31 May 2002. The Phaeton V6 boasts a 3.2 litre, 177 kW / 241 bhp six-cylinder engine. In series, this is supplemented by a sporty six-gear transmission system. The Phaeton W12 is driven by a 6.0 litre 12-cylinder engine with 309 kW / 420 bhp and is fitted with a 5-speed automatic transmission (tiptronic). As an additional option, the tiptronic is also available for the Phaeton V6. 2003 sees the arrival of the Phaeton V10 TDI - with an output of 230 kW / 313 bhp and 750 Nm of torque it is the most powerful diesel engine on offer in a top-class saloon.
The high degree of fitted technical features is characteristic for the vehicle concept, which, without making any compromises, focuses on comfort, dynamics and safety:The standard-fit four-wheel air suspension, the four-wheel drive 4MOTION (Phaeton W12 and V10 TDI) and the equally standard 4-Zone Climatronic are regarded as being amongst the best systems in their class.The design of the new saloon is absolutely unique; all forms follow new paths. Harmonious, powerful body lines underline the dynamic attributes of the Phaeton. The interior is dominated by a refreshing, clear and balanced elegance, which highlights the innovative character of the Phaeton.
Together with the Phaeton, Volkswagen is introducing a unique mobility guarantee
Volkswagen has not only developed a remarkable vehicle; at the same time, a unique manufacturing and customer service concept was also developed - the upper class trilogy.The transparent factory in Dresden is absolutely unique.The differentiated quality assurance system and a unique customer service for self-collectors make it possible, for the first time, to experience the creation of one’s own car.The Phaeton service was specially created for the Phaeton customer, and is truly unique.It consists of an internationally unrivalled, all-round support model, which begins with the vehicle handover and continues for the entire Phaeton registration period (one hundred percent “long-life” mobility).
All repairs are co-ordinated by a superior domestic (for export market), as well as an international Technical Service Centre (TSC, located in Wolfsburg). Every Volkswagen dealer automatically contacts the TSC, as soon as a Phaeton appears in its service area. Objective of this service: the optimal support of the vehicle and its driver. Therefore, the customer can, 24 hours a day and all year round, resort to the concentrated know-how of the manufacturer. Furthermore, the Phaeton Service offers many more benefits, such as a collection and delivery service, where the Phaeton is collected for maintenance purposes and subsequently returned.
230,000 upper category cars are sold every year in the world market
Equipped with this perfect service system, the Phaeton is introduced to the D-segment market, in which sales figures are subject to model supply more than to economic cycles. The German upper category brands especially could, in the past few years, attain international growth. The average annual global sales total approx. 230,000 vehicles. North America holds the largest share of the world market volume, followed by Western Europe and Japan.
It can generally be said that the age and financial structure of upper category drivers is changing. Due to their career development, more and more younger decision-makers are moving from the automobile mid-size class to the upper segment. But these customers are not the only new clientele, whose requirements must be considered in the modern upper car class. Even the 50-60 year age group generally have a younger and more open-minded outlook than ever before.
Volkswagen now offers its clientele a saloon which was independently and innovatively designed, meets the highest quality requirements and whose functions remain self-explanatory. Embedded in the most comprehensive mobility guarantee in the world, the Phaeton Service, the new Phaeton is ideal for customers, who expect perfection not only from their car, but also from the service; Volkswagen offers both.
The Phaeton - Interior
Design and dimensions
- Clear and elegant ambience in a large interior
- The new Phaeton interior only has one paradigm - the Phaeton
- Superior spacing in comfort dimensions of more than two metres
The concise technological and creative concept of the Phaeton is easily accessible in the interior. The materials used, the technical solutions, the elegant design and the generous dimensions make up a progressive and exclusive ambience, which makes the Phaeton unmistakeable and pleasantly independent.
Clear, straight lines, ageless yet modern design elements, a logical functionality and clear overview dominate. At night, the cockpit is doused in a discreet, warm light. The interior door handles are also illuminated. The central point of the geometrical cockpit is the centre console with integrated infotainment centre and the adjoining transmission console.
As an analogue contrast to these high-tech elements, the chrome-edged clock of the Phaeton is embedded in the middle of the horizontal fine wood instrument panel. In order for the instruments to be ideally viewed by the driver, they are situated behind anti-glare glass and a cowl which protects from reflections and sunlight.
For the Phaeton, Volkswagen uses high quality, haptic and pleasant materials. The upper area of the dash panel consists of a noble, well-structured base, which minimises reflections - and is offered in several colour shades. The lower part of the cockpit, as well as the doors, consist of a material in a different shade, generally somewhat lighter.
The materials used in the interior are meant to meet the highest quality requirements
In order to create a totally new and modern ambience, new and innovative ideas were used for the development of more elegant and generous interior components. This can, on the one hand, clearly be seen by the fact that the interior is homogenous and without any deep indentations; on the other hand, the embedded surface materials meet the highest optical and haptic requirements.
This complex interior design can clearly be seen, for example, when examining the A-, B- and C-columns, which form one unit with the roof. All materials in the visual range are exclusively made from precious materials, and no transitions can be detected. All covering elements above the window ledge are covered in high quality fabric as standard; on request, even Alcantara.
Below the window ledge, i.e. in the door panelling area, the interior developers and designers have achieved maximum variance flexibility by using multi-sectional, modular concepts. In this way, the chrome details and various wood types can be combined with partial or full leather surfaces in various colours. A further example of the craftsmanship are the grey zones of the door cut-outs; here the carefully lacquered frame and smooth surfaces without visible welding points ensure an unrivalled quality impression.
The available space is optimally utilised
The Phaeton offers above average spacing. The so-called comfort dimensions (interior passenger space), rear knee space and the front shoulder space are all best in class. A closer look at the comfort dimensions reflects Volkswagen’s space optimisation: the value of 2,043 millimetres guarantees extraordinarily relaxed circumstances on all four (or five) seats.
The effective head space in front is 974 millimetres, the rear boasts 970 millimetres. Equally generous: the front and rear elbow space dimensions - an indicator of generous spacing - is 1,562 millimetres (front) and 1,528 millimetres (rear) respectively. The same applies for the available shoulder space, which, with 1,513 millimetres in front, definitely sets new standards.
500 litre luggage compartment with many practical detail solutions
With a 500 litre storage compartment, the Phaeton offers not only a large, but also a well designed, practical boot. Due to the very wide opening, it can be comfortably loaded. The smooth inner panelling is free from any bulges or recesses. What is also often used for determining the boot volume of upper category vehicles is the holding capacity for golf bags; in the case of the Phaeton, four of these equipment bags can easily be stowed in the boot, which is lined with hardwearing anthracite-coloured material.
The loading edge (height 697 millimetres) is protected by a sturdy and high-grade stainless steel cover. An additional element protects the person loading the storage compartment: a so-called dirt protection, which is simply folded out and placed over the bumper when loading. The useful accessory is stowed away in its own bag, which can quickly be attached to the chrome-plated catches at the tail end and remain there, if required. When loading, the cloth can be easily removed. By pulling the string, it disappears back into the bag after use.
A combi net also ensures stable transport conditions.It can be fixed directly above the ground, preventing small parts from moving about, or alternatively can be hooked to the storage area and used as a practical shopping bag.
An additional storage area is the hollow space just behind the right wheel housing; a net, which can be fixed in two positions, separates the storage area from the actual boot area - the upper storage position protects small parts during transportation, the lower area enables the loading of larger objects.
Module carrier with eight control units in the boot
The 500 litre compartment is not only a storage area, but also a “technical” area, offering space to an important module carrier. Underneath the hat shelf, the module carrier can take in up to eight control units. In combination with the storage area, the carrier, which is made of polypropylene with forty percent fibre glass, offers effective noise protection in the area leading to the interior ventilation system.
Refined high-tech details:the boot lid of the Phaeton W12 (otherwise optional) is automatically opened using a servo mechanism and closed by the click of a button.In this case, the tailgate hinges are made of lightweight, sturdy aluminium; it is worthwhile opening it just to enjoy the aesthetic sight.
Interior
The Phaeton is characterised by all-encompassing comfort features. It underlines the fact that the large Volkswagen was designed to be a superior travel saloon. Example Phaeton V6: Even the six-cylinder version offers the new draught-free 4-Zone Climatronic with air quality- and humidity sensor, as well as an electric 12-way seat adjustment facility for the front seats, in series (see also separate chapter: “Air conditioning” and “Seating system”). If the basic 5-seater Phaeton version is ordered with two separate rear seats, these, too, are 10-way adjustable; in this case the front seats are fitted with an 18-way adjustment facility, as well as seat heating on all seats and a memory function (for three different drivers and front-seat passengers).
The seats and respective panels of the 5-seater Phaeton V6 are covered with an elegant, high quality fabric (Design: Pearl). The 4-seater V6 versions are characterised by the standard-fit leather interior, type Vienna, and one front and rear height-adjustable middle armrest per seat, i.e. four in total.
Clear information and first class entertainment dominate the centre console
Always on board is the central infotainment centre with a 7-inch colour display, a multifunction display with a 5-inch colour display in the instrument cluster and a sound system with an analogue 8-channel amplifier, ten speakers, a CD-changer for 6 CD’s in the glove compartment, a multi-purpose rear window antenna (for radio, navigation, TV, telephone) and 230 W music performance.
Apart from many details, which are standard features in this class, such as, for instance, electric windows, the Phaeton V6 interior offers many additional comfort and high-tech features. For example, the wood interior (dashboard, upper door trims, casing of infotainment centre and gear lever knob, ashtray / two storage areas), the centre armrests in the front and rear, the multifunctional leather steering wheel (steering wheel interior consists of very light magnesium pressure cast), pedal caps from high-grade steel, aerowipers with heatable cleaning jets and heated storage position at front windscreen, as well as electronically regulated wiping area, electronically adjustable, heatable exterior mirrors or the cruise control which can be operated using only one finger.
The basic fittings are complemented by the automatic anti-dazzle interior mirror, the four-way adjustable steering column, front and rear foot area lighting and reading lamps, indirect dashboard and interior lighting, a rain sensor for the intermittent windscreen wiper operation and remote central locking.
Extended standard features on the Phaeton W12
The especially exclusive Phaeton W12 offers an even more extensive range of interior features than the V6. Even the 5-seater version, for instance, has leather seats (type Vienna) as standard; furthermore, the wood applications extend all along the upper side of the central console and the cup holders; wood also refines the multifunctional steering wheel and the automatic transmission gear lever.
Further details have been added, such as a car alarm with interior surveillance, an automatic anti-dazzle interior mirror with memory function (plus automatic anti-dazzle exterior mirrors, which can be electronically adjusted), electronic head restraints (rear seats too, in 4-seater version) and a steering column adjustment facility including the boarding assistant (steering wheel can be moved backwards for easier boarding) plus memory function.
The seating in the Phaeton W12 is especially comfortable: In front, the 18-way system, including lumbar supports and memory function plus seat heating is fitted; the 4-seater version boasts seat climatisation and a massage module, as well as rear seat heating.
The special equipment of the Phaeton meets all requirements
Individualisation for the Phaeton means that just about any special request will be met via the special equipment programme. Apart from the various seating systems (see chapter “Seating system”), Volkswagen, along with the Vienna leather option, also offers the full leather version ‘Sensitive’ for the Phaeton in two different styles. In this case, not only the seats and parts of the door panelling are of leather; the upper and lower sides of the dashboard, as well as the entire door panelling are covered in this precious material (apart from the switch, the door handle and the wood applications).
An additional wood package includes an application for the lower part of the door and the B-column panelling, as well as roof handles of real wood.Furthermore, this special equipment package offers additional individualisation options using five different marquetry patterns for the trim strips in the door panelling, the instrument panel and the centre console. Furthermore, the Phaeton customer can choose from the wood types eucalyptus, myrtle, chestnut and walnut.
The communication and navigation system for contacting the outside world consists of a telephone fixture with navigation system, an interactive vehicle operating manual, TV reception and videotext. Via the infotainment centre (see chapter “Cockpit and infotainment centre”), the pictures can be displayed in a 16:9 and 4:3 format.
High-end audio system ensures concert hall atmosphere
The audio system “High-End 12/12″ is also operated via this digital centre. A digital 12-channel amplifier with twelve loudspeakers (12/12), 300 W music performance, digital signal processing (DSP) with 6-band equalising per channel, up to 7 room simulations, surround simulation, dynamic compression plus frequency compensation ensure a better sound quality than most home hi-fi systems have to offer.
In order to keep out sunlight and noise, the Phaeton is equipped with a heat-insulating, double windscreen with safety glass tinted in green. An additional option, (V10 TDI and W12 series) is an infra-red absorbent glass layer, which further prevents the interior from heating up, and can be recognised by the clear colour tone. Sun visors protect against glare from the front (or from the side, if folded out); the vanity mirrors on the driver’s side even offer an enlargement function.
The electronically operated sun blind protects the rear window from prying eyes. The sun blinds for the rear side windows are unrivalled in their design (one for the submersible window, one for the triangular window): The larger of the two blinds is rolled up in the parapet contour together with an operating tab; once opened up, it runs parallel to the arched window frame. The supporting technical solutions are only seen at second sight: The upper side of the blind is covered by a resiliently stored, elastic strip, which seamlessly adapts its shape to match the straight path of the lower window edge as well as that of the window frame. Even the upper mounting points cannot be seen, although they can easily be reached.
The blind for the triangular window, however, is located in the vertical bridge between the door panes and is simply pulled backwards for use; the stabilisation is carried out by an inconspicuous reinforcement - detail perfection par excellence.
Keyless Access recognises the driver and opens the doors for him
More high-tech is found in the keyless entry, start and exit system. As soon as the driver approaches the vehicle with his coded key and envelops the door handle (capacitative sensor), an enquiry is transmitted, via antennas in the doors, to the ID-signalling device located in the key, by means of an inductive field, which is directed outwards. The key picks up the signals and replies with a code. If it is recognised by the control device, the Phaeton opens its doors. An additional check card or code supply is not required. If the door is not opened within thirty seconds, the doors will lock again.
The vehicle is started by pressing a button; the door and ignition key combination can stay in the pocket. For safety reasons, the car will only start if the key is really located in the interior. Furthermore, the driver will need to activate the clutch or the brake pedal (a/t). The starter button has two clearly separated switching stages. In the first stage, the ignition is released, in the second stage the engine is started up. If the driver prefers to start the vehicle using the ignition key, this is also possible. When exiting the Phaeton, he simply needs to envelop the door handle in order to activate the automatic locking and security mechanism.
The automatic distance regulator detects the vehicle in front by means of radar
However, the Phaeton not only automatically opens the doors; it also, via radar, maintains a safe distance to the vehicle ahead using an automatic distance regulator (ADR). The ADR displays the visual information relating to the distance and selected speed on the 5-inch display in the instrument cluster.
Also to be found in the category of optional extras is the windscreen heater; visible wire filaments are not used; instead, Volkswagen utilises a metal-evaporated (and therefore conducting), invisible foil.
Cockpit and infotainment centre
Every Volkswagen interior is designed according to the principles of operational reliability, intuitive functionality and easy operation. These three principles also apply to the Phaeton. In contrast to vehicles of other segments, however, it was necessary to realise and accommodate many more functions in the upper category saloon. That is why Volkswagen has developed a function structure, according to instruments, with multifunction display, infotainment centre with large multifunction display and separate tool bars for systems such as the air-conditioning, the audio system or the suspension settings.
The easy-to-read main instruments supply information in an analogue and digital manner
The basic functions and information for driving the Phaeton are found, as usual, in the main instruments in front of the driver. Apart from speed, rpm’s, fuel and temperature displays and warning signals, Volkswagen has placed a multifunctional, 5-inch colour information display between the speedometer and the revolution counter. This, for instance, shows the driver navigation system tips or the status of the automatic distance regulator (ADR).
Furthermore, the display also informs about the vehicle status, such as warning signals, maintenance advice and the on-board computer information. It also supports the use of the most important comfort functions whilst driving: this includes the display of incoming telephone calls, the current radio station or CD titles.
This is also the location of the light switches, the steering gear arm and a combi turn-press button of the multifunctional steering wheel (all intuitively operable) which controls all driver display functions, including previously saved telephone numbers.
The infotainment centre with 7-inch colour display
The infotainment centre, with its 7-inch colour display in 16:9 format, is centrally located in the centre console. This monitor is a real multitalent, which activates itself as soon as the doors of the Phaeton are opened. The main menu of the air-conditioning is automatically displayed at first.
Generally speaking, it can be used to control close to all settings via eight large multifunctional keys (soft keys), six additional basic function keys and a central turn/press button. Suspension, audio, TV, navigation, on-board computer, Climatronic, telephone and personalisation settings, as well as interactive operating manuals, are all found here.
The logically structured integration of various systems prevents an information overload in the cockpit and, with only a few function units, guarantees a uniform, easy-to-learn operating philosophy for all components. This transparency is the distinguishing mark of the entire system: colours and icons inform about the most important conditions; symbols next to the key functions (soft keys) display, in colour, how the infotainment centre will react when a particular button is pressed (for instance, using submenu direction arrows). Finally, clear menu headings ensure a safe and easy orientation in the matrix. A special key, which is displayed in every submenu, leads the user back to the previous level.
Separate control panels for the audio system and Climatronic
To ensure that the central soft keys and total functions are not overloaded, two additional tool bars have been added.The first, called ‘aircon bar’, is located above the colour display; it is used to regulate the basic functions of the 4-Zone Climatronic (e.g. temperature, ventilation, defrost and rear window heating).The hazard warning light is also centrally located here.In the rear, the temperature for the left and right seat can also be individually adjusted. However, the driver can also - if he is travelling on his own - select only his respective aircon setting.
The second tool bar, called the ‘radio bar’, can be used to control the basic functions of the audio system, including the CD-changer and the optional TV reception. As with standard systems, a rotary switch to the left controls the volume, while the rotary switch to the right is for the radio station selection. The function keys FM/AM, CD, TV and TP (traffic broadcast) are situated around the left volume regulator. As soon as the TP key is activated, traffic information is broadcast, even if no traffic radio channel was selected. Background: A second receiver has the sole function of automatically receiving traffic broadcasts.
Only fine-tuning is carried out via a logical menu structure
The audio menu, the respective submenus and the soft keys, for instance, can be used to complement these tool bars and set various sound characters, such as “studio”, “surround” or “concert hall”. The same applies to the Climatronic: settings, which go beyond the most often used basic functions, can be adjusted via the infotainment centre. By separating the basic functions (tool bars) and fine-tuning (infotainment centre), a practice-orientated operation is achieved. This is due to the fact that driver and front seat passenger need not access the fine-tuning menus in order to be able to regulate the main functions of the Phaeton.
This is why there are also separate control panels for the suspension system. The manual operating functions for the automatically controlled, continuously variable and electronically regulated dampers, as well as the vehicle height adjustment and the cut-out for the ESP, are located in the horizontal area of the centre console, at the same height as the gear lever.
The vehicle key configuration corresponds to the comfort-orientated concept of the Phaeton; an individual name can be allocated to a total of three keys. As soon as the respective driver with the personalised key unlocks the vehicle, he automatically activates his previously saved audio and Climatronic settings.
Air conditioning
The 4-Zone Climatronic holds a special comfort status. A system with three main advantages over other systems currently in use. In the Phaeton, the rear passengers can separately adjust their individual temperatures; there are 4 adjustable zones, which explains the given name 4-Zone Climatronic. Furthermore, the cool and warm air is directed, draught-free, to the defined zones via automatically opening and closing emitters - absolutely unique on the international market. Furthermore, through the humidity control, an effective function has been integrated that automatically recognises and prevents windows from steaming up.
Additionally, the interior humidity is regulated in an area, which, on the one hand, prevents the passengers’ sensitive mucous membranes from drying out and, on the other hand, does not exceed the comfort limit.
The technological concept and functionality of the Climatronic, which is fitted with an automatic air circulation function, is designed in the following manner: The exterior air, which is sucked in, is cleaned by two large active carbon filters located in the engine bonnet. A fully metal-clad, double-channel air blower distributes the main airflow. Then 25 electronic actuating drives ensure the ideal control of airflow distribution.
Through the utilisation of large emanation cross-sections, the tempered air can reach the interior at low speed, which results in a generally draught-free interior environment. The indirect ventilation plays an important role, which, depending on the outer circumstances, maintains a constant interior temperature, either with or without the conventional emitters in the control panels. In this last case, the usually visible front emitters are covered by fine wood faceplates.
Direct blow is only required for a limited time; as soon as a certain temperature level has been attained, it is important that the air is distributed indirectly - i.e. not towards the driver or front seat passenger. The Climatronic then changes to an indirect mode, in which the direct emitters are automatically closed and hidden from view by fine wood faceplates. Now a ventilation band, which stretches across the entire width of the interior, ensures a hardly noticeable air ventilation via emitters located on the upper side of the instrument panel. Alternatively, one can also manually switch between the direct and indirect ventilation mode.
Two separate rear aircon zones
The aircon technicians also gave special attention to the rear seat area, which offers individual temperature regulation for both outer seats. The level of the individual air temperature zones is regulated by four rear air emission sensors.The air-conditioning system is unrivalled due to its use of a multifunctional distribution box.Through the left and right distribution boxes, the tempered air is distributed according to pre-selection to the footrest areas, the individual passenger emitters in the B-columns and the integrated defrost/defog emitters.Furthermore, the air can quickly be tempered through the use of especially fast heating elements.
The air-conditioning system itself makes use of a newly developed, separate right-left fully aluminium heat exchanger.Along with the excellent performance data, a distinguishing mark is its low weight. The system consists of 26 flat pipes and in-between ribs every 1.8 millimetres. The heating performance of the heat exchanger is 8.25 kW at a water transfer rate of 1,000 litres/hour and an air transfer rate of 300 m3/hour.
The transferred water is regulated by two low-noise pulse valves; together with an electronic additional water pump, they form a compact pump-valve unit. Background: The task of the second water pump is the stabilisation of the water flow during low engine revolutions, thereby eliminating unwanted deviations of the blow-out temperature. It furthermore guarantees a constant temperature distribution in case of closed pulse valves - by maintaining the internal circulation via the heat exchanger. Side effect: By keeping the air blowing, the selected interior temperature can be kept constant for a long stretch of time, even in wintertime with the engine switched off. In case of the TDI engines, it is an automatically activated heater which supplies the required thermal energy.
Reduced fuel consumption through new cooling compressor
The cooling cycle was constructively designed in an equally innovative manner. This applies especially to the externally regulated, cooling compressor used here. The air conditioning is regulated in such a way that, at average temperatures, there is no need to reheat the air, which was previously cooled. As a result, the compressor and heater input is reduced, also reducing the fuel consumption.
A further significant detail of the new 4-Zone Climatronic is the fact that the windows do not steam up under any circumstances. To prevent windows from steaming up, conventional fully automatic air-conditioning systems blow out warm air via defrost emitters mainly onto the windscreen. However - as an unwanted side-effect - the headroom area is often heated up too intensely.
That is why Volkswagen has decided on a new path for the Phaeton. Windows steam up when the temperature of the glass is lower than the so-called point of condensation. This point varies somewhat and is dependent on the humidity of the interior air. If, and for how long, the humidity remains in the air is dependent on the air temperature. The condensation point refers to the temperature at which the humidity condenses and turns liquid. This could, for instance, result in condensed water on cool surfaces - such as the steamed up, cold windows. Volkswagen, with its new 4-Zone Climatronic, has found an innovative way to deal with this aspect.
Firstly: In the Phaeton, a minimum temperature difference between the point of condensation and the windscreen temperature is set; therefore only the minimal amount of warm air necessary for preheating is channelled, thereby not causing excessive heating in the headroom area.
Secondly: The humidity is determined by means of a sensor in the interior mirror holder. Using a reference temperature measurement, the Climatronic control unit calculates the water content in the air and the point of condensation. At the same time, the temperature of the windscreen interior is measured by infra-red sensors. As soon as there is a danger of the windscreen temperature turning lower than the point of condensation, the air-conditioning system reduces the humidity in the air. Additional regulatory parameters, such as the defroster-flap angle and the air-flow rate, ensure that the windows do not steam up under just about any conditions.
Seating system
As with every other detail, the seating system of the Phaeton, too, has been newly designed. The seating contour for the new saloon therefore offers safety and optimal comfort - in the rear, too.
Volkswagen offers the saloon in a 5-seater basic version and an optional 4-seater version with two separate rear seats. In series, the front seats in the 5-seater version can be electronically adjusted via a 12-way system. The 12-way system consists of the following: tilt setting (2x), backrest tilt setting (2x), height setting (2x) as well as lumbar settings of height and depth (4x). As an electronically controlled system has been used instead of the usual mechanical system, it can easily be noticed that the seats move into their respective positions in a very smooth manner. The operating elements for the electronic adjustment are located on the outer side of the seat base; due to the special design, the operation is very intuitive.
The front seats also have active head restraints, in series. The reversible system is activated by the inertia of the driver or front passenger in case of a tail-end impact. In detail, a redirection mechanism in the backrest moves the head restraint forward or upward; as a result, the distance between the head restraint and the head decreases, thereby also decreasing the risk of the most common whiplash injury, a cervical vertebrae injury. The safety technology integrated in the seat is complemented by side airbags (front and rear).
The seats can be individualised with a variety of different cover fabrics. Apart from the fabrics that are offered in three colour variations (type Pearl), there are also two leather types (Vienna and Sensitive) in five colour variations. The leather Sensitive is considered as one of the best of its kind in the world in terms of feel and surface texture.
The 18-way system of the Phaeton W12 with memory function
For the Phaeton W12, the 4-seater versions and as an additional option, an 18-way system is offered. Apart from the functions of the 12-way system, the upper support, the head restraint and the length of the seat area (the front part of the thigh rest) can be electronically adjusted. Furthermore, the steering wheel is fitted with the so-called Easy-Entry function, which moves the steering wheel into a neutral position for boarding and disembarkation. The optional memory function also offers this feature for the 12-way version.
Additionally integrated: a memory function for the individual settings of three drivers (regulates the seats, the belt height, the interior and exterior mirrors, as well as the steering wheel), seat climatisation via ventilators and an adjustable backrest massage function via the lumbar supports.
Axial ventilation units located under the seat pads regulate the climatisation. They convey the interior air, cooled by the air-conditioning system, through the seat in a physiologically harmless manner. In contrast to other, known systems, the air is not simply cooled: the standard-fit seat heater is used in combination with the seat ventilation in order to pleasantly temperate the air according to an intelligent algorithm. By means of a porous, sandwich-style padding structure, the air is homogeneously released from the perforated seating surface.
The massage version of the seats resorts to an electronically controlled, 4-way lumbar support. In this case, the lumbar support automatically moves up and down; an interval, which, by shifting the position of the spine, results in the relaxation of the back muscles. The intensity of this function can be individually set via the lumbar button.
In combination with the memory function, the seating system, steering column, interior and exterior mirrors of the Phaeton can, on request, not only be moved into a stored configuration via keystroke. Instead, the saloon has three main keys, which can each be allocated to a particular driver. As soon as a personalised key is used to open the door, the electronics recognise the driver and moves the seats to the previously stored position.
Two separate seat configurations for the rear
Two different seat configurations can be alternatively selected for the rear. In series, the saloon offers a fixed 3-seater bench. As special feature, a 6-way adjustment system, as well as the climatisation and massage functions, can be ordered. In the most exclusive version, Volkswagen offers the Phaeton with two separate seats in the rear, which can be adjusted via a 10-way system (including Memorylogic). For this version, an Easy-Entry system has also been integrated in the rear: When opening the doors, the individual seats move back up to ten centimetres in order to grant easy access and exit. Additionally, in combination with the 10-way system, the possibility exists of adjusting the front passenger’s seat from the rear.
The Phaeton - Bodywork
Design and dimensions
- Sporty elegance in a large saloon
- Coupé type silhouette, characteristic dynamic front and rear end
- One of the largest saloons in the upper category, having a length of five metres
With a length of 5.06 metres, a width of 1.9 metres and a height of 1.45 metres, the new Phaeton (V6 weight, manual transmission: 1,995 kilograms) is one of the largest saloons in the upper category. The 100 % fully galvanised body, made of steel parts, has a wheelbase of 2.88 metres.
The silhouette of the Phaeton appears clear-cut, elegant, flatly stretched and powerful with its roof pushed to the front. From the side, too, the xenon headlights, which have been deeply inserted into the mudguards, shape the front area of the vehicle (W12: double xenon, in series). A further typical design characteristic is the separate layout of the third side window and the coupé-style C-column leading backwards.
Arrow-shaped front part and prominent headlight design
In the front part of the vehicle it is the ‘muscular shoulders’ (convexities below the window/roof area), the arrow-shaped bonnet, the downward-reaching chrome grille and, once again, the expressive headlights, which make up the characteristic front design. Especially the xenon headlights, which are situated way back, and the indicators, which run along the entire side of the headlights, make up the striking appearance of the vehicle. The indicators are considered a real novelty due to their complex, 480 millimetre long, yet only 21 millimetre high, design.
The large exterior mirrors, on whose lower end the flashing LED indicators are located, as well as automatic front-end luminaries (coming and leaving home function for easy entry and exit), blend in very well with the harmonic and dynamic design. An additional luminary (plus low-beam headlight and tail lights) is activated by remote control.
The tail end also appears very powerful due to the strong ’shoulders’, which also appear very wide from this perspective. The tail lights, which are made up of very bright and very durable LED units, bestow the saloon with a high degree of recognisability, even at night. As a world premiere, Volkswagen is making use of the bichrome LED in selectable form (SBBR lights: tail-end-, brake-, reverse lights and indicators). That is why the Phaeton - with the exception of the reverse light - does not have any “coloured” lights, but rather uniformly red tail lights
Striking: the large, somewhat arched area between the lights. Together with the very flat rear window, a new design and shape for large saloons has been created, making the Phaeton appear elegant and sporty. Even the rear number plate was integrated into the Phaeton design: Optionally, the forgery-proof number plate is fully illuminated by an electrical, very thin electro-luminescent film, by night adding to the unmistakable appearance of the saloon.
Exterior
Even the Phaeton V6 is, in series, characterised by high quality features and fittings. This applies not only to the interior, bur also to the exterior. For instance, the saloon is fitted, in series, with 16-inch light alloy wheel rims (type Dynamic), tyre dimensions of 235/60 R16, green tinted insulation glazing with an infra-red reflecting rear window, xenon headlights, chrome-plated bumper borders, ornamental borders, door- and window trim strips and - needless to say - a fully galvanised body made of steel components. Technical solutions are added, such as the so-called aerowiper, special windscreen wipers that press against the windscreen even at high speed (see chapter “Passive safety”).
The Phaeton W12 can be distinguished from the Phaeton V6 by, amongst other things, its four chrome-plated exhaust end pipes, an infra-red reflecting glazing, paintwork either in metallic or pearl effect, 18-inch light alloy wheel rims (type Champion) with 235/50 tyres and double xenon headlights.
Furthermore, Volkswagen also offers a special options programme for the Phaeton, which can be utilised to technically, as well as optically, adapt the vehicle to meet the respective demands and individual taste of its driver. The spectrum of 13 different colours, including the noble piano black and seven additional piano colours, is also included in this programme.
Details, such as the detachable towing hitch, the illuminated number plate, various light alloy wheel rims, the parking distance control integrated into the bumper, electronically adjustable exterior mirrors and other high-tech solutions, such as the locking-, opening- and starting system round off the special options programme for the bodywork.
The world’s largest sun roof supplies up to 37 Watt power
Apart from the standard -fit 4-Zone Climatronic, the sliding roof is another factor influencing the climate inside the Phaeton. It is available in a glass and a solar version. Both sliding roofs are operated via a pre-selection switch in the roof console. There the driver and front passenger can set 10 sliding and five lifting positions. By using a highly insulating pane for the glass roof, the thermal insulation is reduced to 11 percent, the UV radiation to 1 percent.
This is the largest sun roof of its type on the market today. The 28 integrated solar cells supply maximally 37 Watt of power output, used for feeding the aerator of the parked vehicle. In summertime, this reduces the interior temperature by up to 20 degrees. When the roof is opened, unwanted turbulence and wind noise is prevented by means of a speed-dependent, electronically controlled wind deflector.
Structure
The four-door Phaeton, with its fully galvanised body made of steel parts, meets the highest demands for rigidity, vibration behaviour, passive safety and long-term quality. The positive characteristics of its basic structure are a result of, amongst other things, the utilisation of very modern manufacturing procedures (joining process), such as laser welding. The initial assembly takes place at the specialised factory Volkswagen Sachsen GmbH in Mosel and is completed at the transparent factory in Dresden.
Just as is the case with the suspension and driveline, all body components are designed for a maximum speed of 300 km/h. One of many positive results of this basic construction layout: maximum solidity. Apart from high-tensile steel, Volkswagen uses lightweight materials for the body construction. The doors are made of aluminium, same as the boot and bonnet. Double panes are used for the glazing.
The use of aluminium sandwich constructions for the initial assembly, newly developed window guidance profiles, a complex decoupling from the undercarriage and innovative motor bearings ensure that the Phaeton also sets new sound reduction standards.
A torsional rigidity of more than 37,000 Nm/degree
As a rule, it is the mechanical structural characteristics, which play an especially important role in the constructive layout of the body. The vibration behaviour, the acoustics and especially the passive safety fall into this category. The level of these characteristics can be derived from the static and dynamic rigidity of the initial assembly. The measure for the static rigidity describes the deformation resistance of the structure; it is mainly responsible for the driving dynamics and the passive safety (see also separate chapter “Passive safety”). To find out how high the static rigidity of the body is, the car body is exposed to torsional strain. In this test, the Phaeton achieved a torsional rigidity of more than 37,000 Nm/degree, a new best value for vehicles produced in series.
Sturdy passenger compartment through triple layer structuring
This result was also achieved by means of triple-layer structuring of the upper passenger compartment. It is made up of the inner body frame, as well as the middle and outer body side components. It stretches over the A-, B-, and C-columns to the roof frame, and is weld-joined to the floor group by means of longitudinal and cross beams.
The dynamic rigidity also achieves best values
The dynamic rigidity of the initial assembly influences the driving comfort via vibration behaviour and acoustics. The innate resonance frequency and natural shapes make up the threshold values of the dynamic rigidity. All innate resonance frequencies of the Phaeton lie above 46 Hz, making the car the top vehicle in the upper class segment.
Doors from aluminium pressure casts
The door frames of the Phaeton consist of aluminium pressure casts. This light metal element offers three major advantages. Firstly: They can be manufactured very precisely. Secondly: They are very rigid. Thirdly: The material strength can be optimally varied in accordance with local rigidity requirements.
The two supporting profiles are connected by aluminium extruded profiles. Furthermore, even the large interior and exterior door sheets are made from aluminium. The components are mostly joined by means of adhesive bonding and laser hybrid welding; a manufacturing process, which enables precise aluminium joining without thermal delay.
Although the doors already reduce the amount of possible wind noise due to their high degree of rigidity, engineers have managed to reduce the noise level even further by means of a threefold door insulation system. The result is a door system, which permits the use of extremely small joints, as well as meeting highest rigidity requirements, offers good protection in case of a crash and hardly makes a noise, even at maximum speed.
Mudguards and spare wheel cavity from high-tech plastics
Newly developed materials nowadays permit the utilisation of plastics for the car body, reducing its weight without, in the least, affecting the quality or safety of the vehicle. A prime example is the material PU-RIM, from which the front mudguards of the Phaeton are made of. The high-tensile plastic offers excellent thermal features, is twenty percent lighter than sheet steel and can be optimally shaped, as can clearly be seen in the front design of the Phaeton.
The spare wheel cavity is also made from plastic. Here, too, the main reason is the weight reduction. But the five-kilogram weight reduction is not the only benefit this material has to offer. The spare wheel cavity, which consists of forty percent glass fibre, permits a high degree of integration into other components. In this section, for example, the accommodation of the compressor for the air suspension and of the active carbon filter of the tank system (tank capacity: approx. 90 litres) and the spare wheel storage. And finally, it also takes over the spoiler function for the lower plate.
In conclusion, it can be said that the entire car body structure of the Phaeton is an innovative and groundbreaking construction, pointing the way to the future. As far as rigidity, safety, weight reduction and ecological aspects are concerned, it meets all important requirements with optimum values.
Passive Safety
The new Volkswagen luxury Phaeton saloon is one of the world’s safest automobiles. This applies not only to active, but also to passive safety. The basis for this comprehensive safety package is the especially rigid body structure of the Phaeton (see the “Construction” section). Furthermore, eight airbags (the two front airbags release in two stages, depending on the impact energy), up to seven automatic belts and active front head restraints provide a complete passive safety concept in the interior.
Passive safety includes all the parts connected to the vehicle that contribute not only to the prevention, but also to the reduction of the consequences of an accident. This includes, among others, the body itself, the restraining systems and their sensors. In order to optimally attune these three components to one another, typical accident situations were investigated and imitated in tests. This includes frontal collisions, side collisions, rear collisions and vehicle roll-overs.
Front collision - extremely rigid passenger cell ensures survival space
The offset crash, with a speed of 64 km/h at 40 percent overlap against a deformable barrier, is currently an important standard test for the configuration of a frontal collision. In addition, demands such as the US test, with 35 mph against a rigid barrier (impact angle 0° to 30°) were included in the development of the Phaeton structure. The main criteria for judgement were the available survival space, the passenger stress, the door-opening behaviour and the prevention of fuel system leaks.
In order to reach and, if possible, exceed these goals, optimum co-ordination of the stable passenger cell, the resulting vehicle decelerations and the restraining systems had to be developed for the Phaeton. The front bulkhead, underbody and sidewall frame of the sill boards, A pillars and the roof frame are designed in such a way that they combine to create an extremely rigid passenger compartment. This core of the Phaeton body ensures an optimum survival space with a low degree of steering wheel displacement and footwell intrusion in every experimental configuration.
The specific power consumption in the front end leads to a very well-balanced delay progression. This demonstrates an important and reproducible basis for the effectiveness of the airbag and belt systems.
In order to implement optimum characteristics at an early stage of a frontal crash, computer simulations for the body structure and the passenger behaviour were carried out before the actual crash tests. It was once again very impressive how well the results of the computer simulations and the real crash tests agreed.
Usually, side crashes are especially problematic because the smallest crumple zone is available. Therefore, the development goals for the Phaeton were set especially high: these include the lowest possible intrusion of the structure (deformation) and distribution of the impact energy that is as uniform as possible. As a result of the successful realisation of these goals, the Volkswagen Phaeton attains a passenger stress level far below the biomechanical limit values for the tests and for standards throughout the world. In addition, not only European and American legal specifications were considered in the vehicle design, but also intensive investigations of real-world accident events.
In detail, especially stiff junction joints on the transitions between the B pillar to the roof frame and the side skirts ensure a high distribution of the stresses. In addition, the Phaeton has a high shear strength due to a transverse member in the roof and two transverse members in the floor area.
Another key concept is the extremely high rigidity of the doors (see the “Construction” section). The new door concept, with a diecast door frame and attached exterior panels, to a large degree prevents buckling of the door balustrades. Furthermore, this design ensures a uniformly distributed intrusion speed and depth at a low level. Nearly 100% protection is provided by side collision protectors in the doors and a closed door inner panel; these minimise especially local impacts.
Side collision with a pole strains the body structure especially strongly. In order to make this collision with, for example, a tree less dangerous, the Volkswagen engineers integrated the laterally stiffened backrest frame during the course of a crash, thus ensuring a significant increase in the survival space.
Rear collision - energy degradation due to bumper cross bearers and longitudinal members
As is the case for frontal and side crashes, the highest demands in the world were placed on the Phaeton design in terms of rear collisions. The highest requirements are currently those of a US standard test with the designation FMVSS 301: a 50 km/h collision with a rigid barrier.
However, Volkswagen went even further: a test (which goes into effect no earlier than 2004) requiring an 80 km/h collision with a deformable barrier with an overlap of 70%, was also satisfied by the Phaeton. The test results showed that, due to specific degradation of energy in the rear of the vehicle, the stable passenger compartment remains intact and the fuel system remains sealed. The required degradation of energy occurs in stages via the bumper cross bearers, made of high-tensile steel with permanently attached deformation elements, into the large-volume longitudinal bearers in the rear. The auxiliary rear axle frame attached to the longitudinal bearers absorbs additional energy.
Vehicle roll-over - roof damage is unlikely
To determine the safety structure of the Phaeton and the associated passenger stress during a roll-over, a number of real crash tests were carried out. Volkswagen carried out the classic roll-over at 48 km/h and a roll-over twisting around the longitudinal axis of the vehicle at 70 km/h. The survival space created by the passenger cell was maintained in every case. The design of the roof construction was based on, among other things, roof crash experiments according to the US standard and roof fall tests according to SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) guidelines.
Restraining systems - new dual retractor system with two automatic belts each
As standard equipment, the Phaeton has five automatic three-point seat belts with integrated belt tension limiters (5-seat version). The restraining system is supplemented by pyrotechnical seat belt tensioners on the four outer seats. In certain seat variants, such as the 18-way system, even comfort drives can be used in the automatic belts; these reduce belt tension and thus significantly improve belt comfort.
A new development is the dual retractor system, which can be used in the front as an option. This is a second automatic belt with an integrated tensioner that is attached to the side of the seat. First advantage: both the shoulder and the lap belts are tightened simultaneously by two independently working belt halves. Second advantage: noticeably increased comfort, since both belt reels ensure a new dimension in freedom of movement.
Airbags - eight cushions of air secure the interior
Every Phaeton leaves the Transparent Factory in Dresden with eight airbags on board - driver, front passenger, side and window airbags. The driver’s airbag has a volume of 62 litres and the front passenger’s airbag contains 115 litres when activated. Both activate in two stages depending on the seriousness of the accident. If small children are travelling in child safety seats in the front passenger seat, the right-hand front and side airbags can be deactivated using the ignition key in a separate lock.
In order to reduce the risk of injury in the area of the head during a side crash, Volkswagen uses window airbags (with a 28-litre volume) in the Phaeton; these run from the A to the C pillar and from the roof to the window balustrade. This concept not only allows the protection of all the adults sitting on the outside seats, it also protects small children by covering the entire window area. Additional protection is provided by the thorax side airbags in the front and rear backrests and the use of laminated glass in the side windows. Furthermore, the special design of the side airbags prevents the penetration of objects to a degree; at the same time, the airbags ensure that passengers’ limbs do not flail beyond the area of the Phaeton’s safety compartment.
Airbag sensors - “early crash sensors” accelerate the release time
The airbag release system of the Phaeton consists of a control unit with two internal acceleration recorders and six satellite sensors distributed throughout the exterior areas of the vehicle. All the sensors measure the current longitudinal and lateral acceleration. The control unit takes care of the evaluation and the release signal. With the introduction of the Phaeton, two “early crash sensors” in the immediate vicinity of the left-hand and right-hand front headlights have been implemented for the first time by Volkswagen. They have several duties. Firstly, they generally ensure a reduction of the airbag release times as well as an optimum adaptation of the release of the two-stage front airbags to the actual seriousness of the accident. Secondly, the front sensors allow the system to react more quickly to accidents where the car is driven under a lorry, thus reducing the consequences.
Xenon headlights - the washer system nozzles activate alternately
But the body and restraining systems do not optimise safety by themselves. For example, the headlight systems also play a role. At the interface between passive and active safety, Volkswagen uses xenon headlights in the Phaeton. As standard, the Phaeton W12 lights up the street using the latest generation of dual xenon headlights.
In order to provide optimum functioning, xenon systems must always be combined with a headlight washer system. However, as soon as the water jet hits the headlight, the illumination of the street deteriorates for a short time. Therefore, Volkswagen has become the first manufacturer to implement a system where the nozzles alternately clean the left-hand and right-hand headlights.
The new LED taillights also serve to increase safety. Improved signalling and significantly faster activation of the brake lights can help to decrease the reaction time of the following driver.
Aerowiper with electronically controlled wiping area
Optimally working windscreen wipers are another important safety aspect. Therefore, Volkswagen uses so-called aerowipers in the Phaeton; these lie on the windscreen with high pressure at any range of speed. Each of the two aerowipers is moved by its own motor using a crankshaft drive. Electric synchronisation according to the master/slave principle replaces the usual connecting rods; the wiper on the front passenger side depends on the movements of its partner on the driver side. The electronics make it possible to also include parameters such as the current vehicle speed or heavy snowfall in the process. The electronic control also has a positive effect on the lifetime of the wipers: in order to ensure that the aerowiper blades are not worn one-sidedly, they are raised and lowered slightly every other time that the wiper is switched off, so that they are parked and moved as often in the upwards position as in the downwards position.
Automatic distance control permits comfortable travelling
An additional contribution to improving driving comfort is automatic distance control. Originally, it was based on the automatic speed control system, which is on board the Phaeton as standard. Using the optional automatic distance control in addition to the speed control system, the driver no longer has to react to slow cars in front by braking and then accelerating after passing the slower car. The automatic distance control does this for him.
The system automatically reduces the speed as soon as the Phaeton approaches a vehicle that is driving more slowly in front. The distance is always at a safe level, depending on the current speed. In addition, the driver can pre-set the basic setting for the distance.
The automatic distance control uses radar to detect all vehicles that are moving in the same direction within an angle of approx. 11.5 degrees and over a distance of approx. 180 metres. As soon as the lane is free again, the system accelerates the car to the last selected speed if it was between 30 km/h and 180 km/h. Below and above these speeds, the system deactivates due to safety reasons.
The automatic distance control consists of the following basic components: an automatic distance control unit in the housing of the radar sensor, an active brake servo and its control unit. The radar sensor is located in the front and works at a frequency range of 76 to 77 GHz. In order to decelerate the vehicle, the automatic distance control intervenes in the control of the engine torque and in that of the brakes. The system is operated using a key module in the multifunction steering wheel. The current distance to the car in front and the set speed are shown in perspective in the instrument cluster.
The Phaeton - Engines
Range of output between 241 bhp and 420 bhp
- Petrol: V6 and W12 work just as powerfully as they are refined
- Diesel: new V10 TDI with 313 bhp is the most powerful diesel installed in a saloon
At its market launch, Volkswagen presented the Phaeton with a V6- und W12-petrol engine. The new engine to follow is the V10 TDI, the most powerful diesel engine yet offered for a saloon. The three hi-tech power units in detail:
The V6 with 241 bhp
Even the six-cylinder engine is anything but a basic engine, due to its performance, torque and comfort characteristics. On the contrary, with 177 kW / 241 bhp, it immediately takes the place of the most powerful six-cylinder engine in the market segment.
As a rule, the agile 3.2-litre V6 is a further development of the 2.8-litre V6, with a newly constructed cylinder head and a significant increase in the displacement. It has been technically prepared especially for use in the Phaeton. The maximum torque of a remarkable 315 Nm is available at a speed as low as 2,400 rpm. The maximum torque remains nearly constant until 4,500 rpm; even at 6,000 rpm, the V6 still develops 280 Nm. The torque, which is high for petrol aspirated engines, could be realised by using, among other things, an innovatively designed double-flow exhaust system (length: 2.61 metres) with a preliminary catalytic converter and a main catalytic converter. The elaborate exhaust gas treatment, with two lambda probes per line, ensures that the Phaeton V6 fulfils exhaust standard EU 4.
In operation, the constantly high torque curve results in very good elasticity values. As a result, using a six-speed gearbox, the Phaeton V6 accelerates from 80 to 120 km/h in 9.0 seconds even in fifth gear. The saloon sprints from 0 to 100 km/h in 8.6 seconds; the Volkswagen reaches a top speed of 245 km/h. The average fuel consumption is 11.4 litres Super Plus or Super per 100 km.
The technical concept of the high-torque V6 engine
The four-valve engine, with a narrow V-angle of 15 degrees, has two overhead camshafts, including continuous inlet and exhaust camshaft adjustment as well as cylinder-selective knock control. The adjustment angle of the inlet camshaft is 52 degrees and 22 degrees for the exhaust camshaft.
The valve drive is realised by a roller cam follower with hydraulic play compensation. One individual ignition coil is used for each cylinder. The crankshaft runs in 7 bearings. As a V6, the Phaeton has front-wheel drive; optionally, a five-gear automatic (tiptronic) gearbox with sequential shifting () is available in place of the six-speed manual gearbox. In this case, the car is 242 km/h fast and accelerates to 100 km/h in 9.2 seconds. Volkswagen has determined an average fuel consumption of 12.1 litres per 100 km for the automatic version.
Technically speaking, the concept of the 3.2 litre V6 is similar to that of the 2.8 litre engine. Nevertheless, it was modified or advanced in such a variety of areas that one can speak of a new generation of this engine. The displacement is 3,189 cc. The bore and stroke measure 84.0 and 95.9 millimetres (2.8 litre: 81.0 x 90.3). The V6 is compressed in a 11.25:1 ratio.
The increase in the specific characteristic values for performance is not only due to the increase in displacement; in order to realise the significantly improved torque and performance characteristics, the complete intake system was redesigned by optimising the flow geometry of the intake manifold and of the channels in the cylinder head. Due to the longitudinal installation in the Phaeton, the plastic variable intake manifold is also designed to be extremely flat.
But this is not the only reason that the cylinder head represents an entirely new development. For example, the shape of the intake and outlet channels has been significantly modified, with larger flow cross-sections which result in improved throughflow behaviour. The entrance of the intake channels in the cylinder head was positioned higher, so that the deflection of the flow in the area of the valves results in low flow losses. In addition, the technicians increased the diameter of the intake valves and optimised the shape of the valve seat rings.
The W12 with 420 bhp
The 309 kW/420 bhp W12 engine of the Phaeton sets new standards with its torque curve, its agility and its comfort. Equipped with five-speed automatic transmission (tiptronic with alternative sequential shifting) as standard, the twelve-cylinder version of the Phaeton W12 accelerates to 100 km/h in only 6.1 seconds - a value worthy of a sports car. The top speed is electronically limited to 250 km/h. The average fuel consumption is 15.6 litres per 100 km. As is the case for the Phaeton V6, the Phaeton W12, with its four preliminary catalytic converters and two main catalytic converters, fulfils the rigorous EU 4 exhaust gas standard. In association with the twelve-cylinder engine, the drive force is always brought to the road over all four wheels (4MOTION).
No other twelve-cylinder engine has a more compact design than the W12
The 5,998 cc large W12 has an especially compact design, with a length of 513 millimetres, a height of 715 millimetres and a breadth of 710 millimetres. It has a torsion-proof aluminium crankcase with wear-proof cylinder walls. Indications of consistent lightweight construction are the valve cover made of magnesium and a double-flow magnesium intake manifold. The W12 engine has already proven its performance and stability at the southern Italian town of Nardo as the engine of the Volkswagen W12 super sports car: it assisted the exceptional coupé in attaining a number of international speed records.
The basic layout of the W12 engine with wet sump lubrication consists of two very small V6 modules that have been laid out at an angle of 72 degrees plus a shared 7-bearing crankshaft, all in a V-V arrangement, and therefore a W. Within the two V6 banks, the cylinder angle is merely 15 degrees. This results in a very compact design compared to normal V12 engines. Furthermore, the stacked arrangement of the cylinders, combined with the cylinder/bank angle, results in unusually high rigidity of the crankcase. Within the crankcase itself, the split pins are displaced by twelve degrees to one another due to the bank angle; this allows uniform ignition intervals. The ignition sequence is: 1-12-5-8-3-10-6-7-2-11-4-9.
All the other constructive details are indicators of a downright high-tech engine: the spark plugs, which are located centrally in the overhead combustion chamber (activated by single-spark ignition coils) support efficient combustion; the same applies to the throughflow-optimised inlet channels. A double-flow magnesium intake manifold supports the especially dynamic torque curve of the four-valve engine. In addition, the dual camshaft adjustment is a significant influence on the power development: the continuous adjustment range of the inlet camshaft covers 52 degrees; the corresponding value for the exhaust camshaft covers 22 degrees. The camshafts are driven by chains. In the W12, one inlet and one exhaust camshaft adjuster is used for each cylinder bank. Camshaft adjustment, together with additional measures in the intake manifold, permits a high torque over a broad speed range.
Wet sump lubrication and cooling of the W12 engine
The W12 engine is characterised by an especially effective lubrication and cooling system. As in the Passat W8, Volkswagen uses wet sump lubrication in the Phaeton W12. The construction is as follows: the oil pump is driven directly by the crankshaft using chains. The oil pressure is controlled using a control line from the main oil channel. Any pressure peaks that may occur under extreme conditions during the cold-start phase are compensated by an additional pressure relief valve on the pump. The oil pressure is 4.5 bar within the entire operating area. From the oil pump, the lubricant is transported via an external oil filter/cooling module to the main oil channel and from there to the individual bearing positions and the corresponding consumers. To reduce the piston temperatures, the pistons are cooled with motor oil using spray jets.
In addition to the very complex design of the oil circulation system, Volkswagen designed an extremely innovative coolant circulation system. In the design of the coolant circulation system, importance was attached to the uniform cooling of all the cylinders and the integration of as many components as possible in the cylinder crankshaft in favour of a compact construction. The 190 ampere generator of the Phaeton is also included in the coolant circulation system. Side effect: since the generator fan wheel is no longer needed, the engine compartment is even more quiet.
The V10 TDI with 313 bhp
The V10 TDI was installed for the first time this year in the Phaeton as well as in the equally new off-road vehicle, the Touareg. The previously unattained maximum of 750 Nm in the saloon segment is generated as low as 2,000 rpm. The 230 kW / 313 bhp performance which the 5-litre engine provides at 3,750 rpm is also unique for a diesel contraption.
In addition to the large displacement, the advanced pump-jet high-pressure direct injection (up to 2,050 bar) and charging using a biturbo system with electrical charger adjustment play significant roles in the power and performance development which is similar to that of a sports car. The top speed (regulated) is 250 km/h; no current diesel is faster. All this with an average fuel consumption of approximately 10 litres per hundred kilometres. The relationship between performance and consumption is unique.
Here is some information regarding the technological benchmark values for the V10 TDI, which is compressed in a 18.5:1 ratio: the cylinder spacing of the TDI is 88 millimetres, the bore 81.0 millimetres and the stroke 95.5 millimetres. The two five-cylinder banks are positioned at a 90 degree angle to one another, permitting a flat design for the TDI. The length of 544 millimetres is just as compact.
An important requirement for the compact length of the engine is the control and auxiliary assemblies drive which, for the first time, has been constructed on one level in a wheel cassette that is acoustically decoupled from the aluminium crankcase. The dimensions were specified at a very early stage in development so that the engine could be installed longitudinally in the sportily shaped front of the aerodynamic Phaeton.
In terms of vibration, on the level of a twelve-cylinder petrol engine
In addition to the extraordinarily high torque and performance characteristics and the compact dimension, exemplary quiet running was one of the most important development goals. In order to attain this, Volkswagen has, among other things, installed a balancer shaft that turns in the opposite direction as the crankshaft in the engine, which is already designed to have low vibration; this balancer shaft eliminates the remaining free first-order moments of inertia. Its effect is supported by six counterweights, manufactured from a tungsten alloy, that are fastened to the crankshaft. Analyses by the development engineers have shown that the engine movements caused by mass action are thus reduced to a few micrometers. In terms of vibration, the V10 TDI thus runs on the level of a twelve-cylinder petrol engine.
In addition, the engine is characterised by a uniform ignition interval of 72 degrees due to a split pin displacement of 18 degrees on the crankshaft; this results in favourable vibration behaviour, even under load. The basic construction of the cylinder head is based on the pump-jet engines that Volkswagen has used in the past. However, for use in the V10 engine, the technicians had to reconstruct the freshly designed head to a crossflow model so that the inlet side in the V space could be realised.
Direct injection itself takes on a key role: it optimises the mean pressures, the specific performance and the exhaust gas quality. In this regard, the new type UI-P1 pump nozzle used in the ten-cylinder engine is characterised by improved efficiency, a more compact solenoid valve and a significantly increased partial load injection pressure. Advances that lead directly to an improvement in the emission quality.
Master and slave - how the two cylinder banks of the V10 TDI are co-ordinated
Technically speaking, the continuous double-flow construction of the gas exchange in the V10 TDI is particularly interesting. All important components are arranged in pairs, i.e. one per cylinder bank. These include the air filter, the hot film air flow meter, the turbocharger, the charge cooler, the exhaust gas recirculation (valve and cooler) and the throttle valves. As a result, in purely construction-related terms, the V10 consists of two five-cylinder engines where the air and exhaust are completely separated, but which are coupled in terms of mechanics and control.The shared control of the twin using a master-slave system, as is well-known in the area of PCs, is highly innovative. Especially the synchronicity and the load distribution over both cylinder banks places the highest demands on the use of electronically controlled actuating elements. They manage all important components such as the throttle flaps, the pump-jet elements and the turbocharger.
In order to properly and reliably regulate the multi-layer organisational duties in the V10, Volkswagen for the first time uses a new control unit generation with the designation EDC16 in this TDI. It also consists of a duo, has a 32-bit microprocessor and a significantly improved computing performance. One control unit regulates each five-cylinder bank. For the first time, the advanced software of the EDC16 allows the driving functions to be distributed and better co-ordinated in terms of performance development and emission behaviour.
The driver does not notice at all that one of the two motors is always issuing commands (master) and its partner (slave) is always obeying these commands. On board the Phaeton, only the shared power from a torque of 750 Nm can be felt; somewhere, far away at the end of the exhaust gas system, a slight rumbling can also be felt under full acceleration - even this disappears in the partial load range.
The double-flow exhaust gas system of the Phaeton V10 TDI is a component of one of the most complex exhaust gas cleansing systems in the history of diesel engine construction. In order to reduce emissions, the engine is equipped with pneumatically controlled exhaust gas recirculation valves and adjustable exhaust gas recirculation coolers. Furthermore, oxidation catalytic converters close to the engine help optimise the raw emissions, which are already low in general. The Phaeton V10 TDI fulfils the EU 3 exhaust gas standard.
In detail, the exhaust gas system, which is divided into two lines, consists of one oval ceramic preliminary converter close to the engine and one tri-oval oxidation converter in the underbody area. The front pipes are insulated using air gaps in order to ensure a favourable response and faster attainment of the operating temperature for the underbody converter. Due to an optimal vibrational decoupling, it was possible to reduce the wall thicknesses of the exhaust gas system, thus saving approximately 30 percent weight; the entire exhaust gas system thus weighs less than fifty kilograms.
The Phaeton - Transmission
- Five-speed automatic gearbox: standard in the W12, optional in the V6
- Six-speed automatic gearbox: torque of the V10 required a new gearbox
Three transmission versions are available for the top category saloon: the six-speed manual gearbox for the Phaeton V6, the five-speed automatic transmission for the Phaeton W12 (optional for the V6) and the six-speed automatic transmission for the Phaeton V10 TDI.
The five-speed automatic has a converter clutch and two dynamic shifting programmes (DSP) in stages “D” and “S”, with which the gearbox automatically adapts to the individual driving behaviour. For a sport-orientated driving behaviour, the selection lever can be used to switch to the sport programme “S” or the five forwards gears can be shifted manually using the tiptronic. Using optional equipment, it is possible for the driver to activate the gears manually using shift rocker buttons on the steering wheel. Regardless whether shifting is automatic or manual, the signals for changing the gears are transmitted electronically (by wire) without a gearshift linkage. In the Phaeton W12, the five-speed automatic transmission uses a completely modified speed ratio.
The new six-speed automatic transmission of the V10 TDI
The tiptronic six-speed automatic transmission is a new development for the V10 TDI. It was required because, due to the unusually high engine torque (maximum 750 Nm) and the associated demands for the transmission of power, none of the gearboxes offered by suppliers throughout the world satisfied the performance profile. In addition, the automatic transmission had to have a compact design so that it could be integrated into the 4MOTION four-wheel drive concept. The new automatic gearbox therefore had to fulfil the following demands compared to possible counterparts with similar torque reserves:
1. optimisation of driving performance;
2. reduction of consumption and emissions;
3. improved shifting quality and spontaneity;
4. future-proof design due to flexible utilisation and large potential for future development;
5. reduction of weight;
6. compact dimensions.
The new six-speed automatic transmission fulfils these demands. The weight and dimensions, for example: compared to a similar five-speed automatic transmission, the number of components could be decreased by 29 percent (!) due to a new wheelset concept. This made the four-wheel drive lighter (minus eight percent) and, most importantly, more compact; this is an important requirement for using such a high-torque gearbox, considering the available space associated with the four-wheel drive. But the wheelset of the planetary gearbox has two more advantages. First: a more harmonic gear gradation. Second: a potentially larger gearbox ratio.
A particularly interesting solution was also realised in terms of cooling: The gearbox is arranged to the advantage of the vehicle Cd value and noise decoupling in such a manner that comparably little cooling air reaches the automatic gearbox. Therefore, Volkswagen uses an external oil/water cooler with 3x throughflow for the first time here. In addition, the transfer box and front axle transmission of the Phaeton V10 TDI are maintained at an appropriate temperature level under all operating conditions using an external oil/air cooler.
Furthermore, it was important that the hydraulic converter clutch be designed so that the performance was as high as possible in as compact a form as possible. The goal was attained with a diameter of 300 millimetres. For the first time, the converter clutch also has a torsion shock absorber. Advantage: it filters and absorbs the vibrations in the drivetrain, protects the components against vibrational fracturing and, most importantly, permits early closing of the converter clutch. This has an immediate positive effect on consumption and on the driving behaviour. As a rule, the clutch is closed above 1,000 rpm (starting with second gear); above this, driving is carried out with a low degree of slipping only up to 1,800 rpm - depending on certain operating parameters.
In order to fully take advantage of the six-speed automatic transmission, innovative shift programmes were required. For this purpose, Volkswagen, in close co-operation with its suppliers, developed new driving strategy software with the designation ASIS (Adaptive Shift Strategy). A number of new functions are integrated into the program; as a rule, ASIS permits all theoretically possible shift programmes that are or could be required for a luxury saloon such as the Phaeton. This includes the possibility of lowering consumption due to optimised adaptation of the operating points of the gearbox to the most favourable characteristic fields of the engine. In the real world, this means that an efficiency of 94 to 96 percent is attained in the consumption-relevant gears (three to six), values that lie significantly above those of all current automatic transmissions.
The Phaeton - Four-wheel drive
- 4MOTION as standard for the W12 and V10 TDI
- System with Torsen differential optimises safety and driving dynamics
- In traction and handling, 4MOTION is far superior to rear-wheel drive
For the first time ever in this segment, Volkswagen combines four-wheel drive with an air suspension (see also the separate section “Air suspension”). This innovative combination is used as standard in the Phaeton W12 and the Phaeton V10 TDI.
As a rule, the 4MOTION four-wheel drive offers significant advantages, mainly in the areas of traction and handling, compared to the rear-wheel drive that is typical in this segment. Four-wheel drive shows its advantages especially in critical load change reactions - almost regardless of the control system, such as the standard ESP system in the Phaeton. The power of the 4MOTION drive is, depending on slip, distributed fully variably to all four wheels. This means: the driving force is always individually assigned; as a result, the optimum traction and lateral steering force of a wheel can be maintained at all times.
The Torsen differential reacts to the smallest speed variations
A Torsen differential that reacts to even tiny speed variations takes on the key function of power distribution. Thanks to its 4MOTION drive using the Torsen differential with a standard power distribution of 50:50 to the front and rear axles, the Phaeton is a true four-wheel drive saloon.
In detail the 4MOTION system works as follows: The power flows from the planetary gearbox of the five- or six-speed automatic transmission of the Phaeton W12 and Phaeton V10 TDI via the spur pinion step to the Torsen differential. There, half of the torque is usually transferred to the propeller shaft and thus to the rear axle while half is transferred via an intermediate step to the front axle (50:50 power distribution). The rigidity of the drivetrain is ideal here; it has a positive effect on the noise behaviour when starting and when changing loads.
The locking differential is a Torsen A type; compared to the Torsen PAT variant, the compensation wheels do not lie parallel to the axis of rotation, but rather perpendicular to it. Advantage: in addition to the higher torque capacity, a higher locking value can be attained. And this positively influences the driving dynamics. The rear-axle differential has been totally redesigned for the 4MOTION four-wheel drive, which is also designed for speeds up to 300 km/h. It easily copes with gearbox inlet moments of up to 1,000 Nm and a maximum engine performance of 450 kW / 612 bhp.
The Phaeton - Suspension
Four-link front axle, trapezoidal wishbone rear axle
- Four-link front axle as part of the four-wheel air suspension with an especially compact design
- New trapezoidal wishbone rear axle as the basis of a high level of dynamic drive
In the suspension area, systems such as ESP, four-wheel air suspension, mapping absorbers or speed-dependent power steering and - depending on the engine version - 4MOTION four-wheel drive characterise the new Volkswagen Phaeton. However, the suspension of the new saloon is laid out in such a manner that very high degrees of driving dynamics, driving comfort and driving safety are provided even without the help of these subsystems. Therefore the basic layout of the suspension consists of a newly developed four-link front axle (1,628 millimetre track width) and a rear trapezoidal wishbone axle (1,612 millimetre track width), which is also new. Both are state-of-the-art.
The design of the four-link front axle in detail
The new compactly designed four-link front axle has a large number of advantages. For example, the special kinematics isolate the braking and driving forces from the steering to a large degree. In addition, the saloon is characterised by high steering precision and uniform steering force build-up thanks to its complex Servotronic design.
The upper steering level of the front axle is constructionally located over the wheels. The lower level consists of a support arm and the radius arm. Other than the steel support arm, the individual rods are manufactured from aluminium. Each of the axle links has low-friction ball-and-socket joints on the wheel side; these assimilate the lateral and longitudinal forces. The rod is acoustically decoupled from the auxiliary frame using large-volume rubber/metal bearings. A hydraulically absorbing system is used for the guide bearing.
The steel pipe auxiliary frame is integrated to the longitudinal bearers using four rubber/metal bearings. Due to this additional decoupling, rolling noises are minimised and jolts are kept away from the body. In addition, a large stabiliser increases the two-way spring rate of the front axle.
Innovative rear axle
As is the front axle, the rear axle, designed with a neutral to slight degree of understeering, has been newly constructed. The goals of the technical construction are support of precise forward driving, weakening of load change reactions, stabilisation of the braking behaviour and of the lateral steering force, and optimisation of driving comfort.
The shape of the trapezoidal wishbone wheel suspension used in the Phaeton plays a significant role in competently implementing these high demands regarding driving dynamics and comfort. The wheels are guided using a trapezoidal wishbone, a coupling rod, a wishbone and a tie rod. An integral component of the axle geometry is the four-wheel air suspension; the rear air suspension shock absorber struts are supported by the wishbone. Considering the production-related processes and an exact default setting for the rear axle, it is advantageous that the axle guide and the tie rod are fastened to an auxiliary frame so that they can be separately attached and set before installation. An especially precise reaction of the spring is ensured by the optimum layout of the rubber/metal bearing. The use of many aluminium components also has a positive effect on reducing the axle mass.
The forged steel wheel carrier contains the receptacles for the trapezoidal wishbone, the wishbone and the coupling and tie rods. The weight-optimised wheel hubs and wheel bearings used in the rear are identical to those used in the four-link front axle. The trapezoidal wishbone, a hollow body made of sand-cast aluminium, transfers the longitudinal and transverse forces of the tyres. The braking moments are transferred to the trapezoidal wishbone by a so-called vertical coupler made of steel.
As mentioned above, the upper wishbones, but also the tie rod, are aluminium forged parts; this realises high stiffness values while keeping the weight of the components low. The tie rod is fastened to the wheel carrier using a ball pivot in order to attain an optimum shatter value. And this has a positive effect on the driving dynamics-related qualities of the Phaeton.
As a rule, all wheel-guiding elements are borne by a rigid, torsionally stiff rear axle support. In terms of construction, it forms a closed frame made of galvanised sheet-metal shells. In the cases of the 4MOTION four-wheel drive-equipped Phaeton W12 and Phaeton V10 TDI, the rear axle support also bears the newly constructed rear axle differential on three rubber/metal bearings. In terms of design, the gearbox is thus decoupled twice.
Noise penetration into the body is also prevented by the special coupling of the trapezoidal wishbone using rubber/metal bearings. The stabiliser is guided using coupling rods on the trapezoidal wishbone and elastic bearings on the rear axle support. The bearing on the support itself is designed to be “radially rigid” and with “flexible torsion” so that the stabiliser (anti-roll bar) can react directly.
The goal of all these highly complex technical measures is to make the Phaeton especially agile, manageable and safe despite its luxury class size. Suspension-related goals that were attained include, among others, the optimum realisation of low steering elasticity, a small rolling angle when driving through curves, a high shear strength of the front and rear axles, a shock absorber control unit that reacts sensitively and quickly to driving dynamics-related situations and a comparably direct steering gear ratio.
The speed-dependent Servotronic steering
Volkswagen has installed the latest generation of speed-dependent Servotronic steering in the Phaeton. With increasing speed, the steering force increases according to a characteristic curve that was determined in extensive driving tests. This characteristic curve ensures pleasant ease of action when parking the saloon and, just as importantly, a significantly increasing steering force level when driving faster and more sportily.
Also important: the Servotronic provides extraordinary contact with the road; especially on straight roads, the system gives the driver a very good centring sense. Suspension engineers talk about “centre point feeling” here; this can be sensed not only objectively, but also subjectively as a feeling of safe driving. The precisely defined reaction of the steering system also applies to the start of steering, i.e. the moment when the driver starts to actively steer into a curve or around an obstacle.
With regard to construction, the Servotronic consists of the steering box with tie rods that are fastened on the exterior of the rack, a hydraulic pump with degressive characteristics, hydraulic supply lines to the oil cooler and the oil reservoir and a steering column support using a double-crossed link.
Brakes and wheels
The active safety of a car stands and falls with the quality and robustness of the brake system. The brake system of the new Phaeton is one of the most advanced and powerful on the market. 16-inch dual-piston floating calliper brakes are used on the front axle of the Phaeton V6 and 16- or 18-inch single-piston floating calliper brakes are used in the rear for all engine versions; the parking brake function is integrated into the brake calliper.
18-inch 8-piston fixed calliper brakes in front slow down the more powerful Phaeton W12; the newly developed brake callipers in monobloc construction are made of aluminium. The integrated discs have a diameter of 365 millimetres; the discs on the rear axle of the Phaeton W12, which are also ventilated, have a diameter of 335 millimetres. The corresponding values of the ventilated discs in the V6 model are 323 (front) and 280 millimetres (rear). The Phaeton has active brake cooling to improve the cooling of the brake discs. Using a specially shaped channel in the front end that is open on the bottom, in connection with an air guidance element (made of glass-fibre material), the driving-induced wind is guided directly to the brake disc.
In order for both the braking and the propulsion energy to be effectively transferred to the road, Volkswagen ensures contact with the road using large wheels and tyres. The standard light alloy rims are available in sizes 7.5 Jx16 and 7.5 Jx18, depending on the engine; the tyre dimensions are between 235/60 R16 and 235/50 R18. The most sporty wheel/tyre combination is available as an option: an extremely light hollow-spoke wheel in the size 8.5 Jx18, with tyres in the 255/45 R18 format; due to its design, the 18-inch rim has a weight advantage of two kilograms compared to other alloy wheels.
Electronic controls
In addition to the mechanical components, a number of standard electronic braking control systems ensure even more improvements in active safety in the Phaeton. In detail, these electronically controlled functions include:
1. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
2. Traction Control System (TCS)
3. Electronic Differential Lock (EDL)
4. Electronic Stabilisation Program (ESP)
5. High Pressure Support (HPS)
6. Hydraulic Braking Assist (HBA)
7. Engine Braking Control (EBC)
8. Emergency run for electrical braking force distribution
Most of these control systems and functions are familiar. This does not necessarily apply to the High Pressure Support block, although the system is important for hard braking, so that the stopping distance can be shortened as much as possible. The brake servo of the HPS system is designed in such a manner that a fully loaded Phaeton can be braked under any condition. In extreme situations, however, the pressure required for braking can increase to such a degree that the control point of the brake servo can be exceeded.
In this case, the block valves in the ESP motor are closed. As a result, the ESP pump builds up a pressure of up to 250 bar in the brake system so that the car can be safely braked. In this way, electronics and mechanical systems work together in the HPS to attain hard braking, even when the brake is extremely stressed with a low force from the driver’s foot.
The tyre pressure control system works using remote radio signals
Volkswagen offers an electronic tyre pressure control system as an option in the Phaeton. In this case, electronic sensors that continuously measure the pressure and temperature are located in the tyres. The measured values are transmitted in short intervals to a central control unit using antennae located close to each wheel. Powerful lithium batteries that last for approx. 10 years serve as the power sources for these sensors. The spare tyre is always included in the pressure tests.
In the case of a rapid loss of pressure, the central control unit is immediately notified and an immediate warning is triggered in the central display. The red “Tyre trouble” symbol in the centre display of the instrument cluster lights up, supplemented by the position display in the infotainment centre. An acoustic signal sounds simultaneously with the visual warning. If only small air pressure variations are determined by the system, a yellow indicator lighting up with the message “Check pressures” signals the fact on the instrument cluster.
The Phaeton - Four-wheel air suspension
- Lifted not a trace
- Air suspension chassis lowers automatically at high speeds
- Combination of comfort and dynamics sets new standards in the luxury class
The high degree of driving safety and the accompanying dynamics of the Phaeton could be implemented while at the same time realising extremely high comfort characteristics. One of the reasons for this is the new, standard fully supporting air suspension chassis. In the more powerful engine versions, 4MOTION four-wheel drive with a Torsen differential is also used.
The goal of the chassis developers was a suspension system that fulfils the highest demands for driving comfort and driving dynamics. Air suspension systems with regulated absorption are especially suitable for this because they offer a number of advantages compared to normal steel spring suspension systems.
The automatic levelling of the air suspension system permits a smooth, load-independent and thus comfort-orientated suspension design, has a positive effect on the driving stability and permits specific lowering of the vehicle at high speeds, thus permitting a reduction in consumption and the tendency to roll. In addition, the air suspension system optimises the driving performance by lifting the Phaeton on poor roads.
Spring rate automatically adjusts to current load
Due to the physical behaviour of the air suspension system, the spring rate and the height of the vehicle automatically adjust to the current load, simultaneously taking on the function of a classic automatic leveller. As a result, the driving comfort remains at the same high level under all load conditions. In addition, load-dependent changes in the driving dynamics are reduced. Since the absorption is regulated progressively, driving comfort and driving safety improve significantly; even extreme handling situations can be mastered without problems due to the absorption control that is attuned specifically for this purpose.
In detail, the air suspension system itself consists of the following basic elements: a total of four air suspension struts on the front and rear axles, an air supply motor, an accumulator, a control unit, a total of four level sensors on the front and rear axles, three acceleration sensors on the vehicle structure and four acceleration sensors on the wheel suspensions.
Four air suspension modules form the core elements of the system
The core elements of the system are the four air suspension modules. These specially fabricated, external bellows ensure very smooth reactions to every movement of the axles. The desired low spring rate is maintained by an additional volume and by a special piston shape; this has a positive influence on the dynamic behaviour of the air suspension system.
In addition, the absorption force on each suspension strut is adapted in milliseconds to the current needs using an electrically controlled valve that is integrated into the piston of the hydraulic absorber. The optimum absorption force according to direction and stability is determined by, among other things, the wheel acceleration sensors on the shock absorbers and the three acceleration sensors on the structure. This is an intelligent technical design that makes handling of the new luxury saloon extraordinarily agile while also making it extremely comfortable. Due to the air suspension system with dynamic absorption, a chassis has been designed where the advantages in driving dynamics are not at the cost of driving comfort.
The special design and positioning of the suspension strut support bearing ensures that transverse forces are kept away from the absorbers. This results in a noticeable improvement in the reaction and thus extraordinary driving comfort.
The driver can select two heights and four shock absorber mappings
As a rule, the Phaeton offers three different chassis height levels: the normal level, the high level 25 millimetres above the normal level and the low level 15 millimetres below the normal level; the level is automatically actuated depending on the speed so that the driving performance and the consumption can be optimised at high speeds (> 140 km/h).
Of course, the driver can also intervene manually in the chassis adjustment. The operating elements for regulating the level and absorption are located behind the gearshift lever in the centre console; they are easily accessible and intuitive. These buttons allow the driver to select between two height levels (Normal and High) and four shock absorber mappings (Comfort, Basis, Sport, Sport2). The shock absorber controller itself is based on the so-called skyhook principle, which generally minimises structure acceleration and ensures a constant road-dependent level, thus providing for both particular comfort and optimum road grip for the tyres.
[source: Volkswagen Germany]
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